延喜式 えんぎしき/연희식
Rule of the Engi era for the implementation of the penal code and administrative law/Règlements de l'ère Engi pour la mise en place pénal du code et du droit administratif
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27巻(권/handscrolls/rouleaux)
紙本墨書/종이에 묵/Ink on paper/Encre de Chine sur papier
巻第2(권 제2/Vol.2/R.2):縦(세로/height/hauteur)27.5cm 長(길이/length/longueur)825.4cm
平安時代/헤이안 시대/Heian period/Époque de Heian
11世紀(세기/century/siècle)
東京国立博物館/도쿄 국립박물관/Tokyo National Museum/Musée National de Tokyo
B2370
《연희식(延喜式)》(50권)은 헤이안시대 중기의 법령 시행세칙을 모은 법전이다. 이 고사본은 27권 분량이 현존하며 그 가운데 한 권을 제외한 26권이 헤이안시대 후기에 사서된 현존 최고의 사본이며 또한 대단히 잘 정리된 사본으로도 높이 평가되고 있다. 섭관(摂関)*이었던 구조(九条) 집안에 대대로 전해왔기 때문에‘구조가본(九条 家本)’이라고도 한다. 여러 사람의 필적이 등장하지만 거의 같은 시기에 섭관집안 주변에서 사서된 것으로 여겨지며 글 가운데는 붉은 먹으로 가나와 한문의 훈독을 돕기 위한 호고지점(乎古止点)이 찍혀있다. 27권 중 23권 분량의 종이 뒷면에는 약190통의 문서가 적혀 있으며 여기에는 태정관의 부안(符案)*과 사누키(讃岐)* 지방의 호적 단편 그리고 《연희식》보다 오래된《홍인식(弘仁式)》의 단편 등 많은 고문서가 포함되어 있어 역사적으로도 대단히 귀중한 자료이다.
*섭관:황제의 후견인으로서 정무의 실권을 장악했던 최고위 관료 *태정관 부안:율령제 아래에서 태정관이 전국에 하달한 공문서 *사누키:지금의 가가와(香川)현
Ceremonies of the Engi Era (J. Engishiki), in fifty scrolls, was originally compiled from 907 to 915 during the mid-Heian period (794-1185) to codify detailed rules for court ceremonies and protocol. All but one scroll in this present set of twenty-seven handscrolls were transcribed in the late Heian period; constituting the oldest and most complete copy of Engishiki extant. This set is called the Kujô Family Version because it was handed down within the Kujô family, one of the five houses of the aristocratic Fujiwara clan.
Although the calligraphy indicates that more than one person copied the text, the scrolls are thought to have been transcribed at approximately the same time by people associated with the five houses of the Fujiwara. To facilitate reading of the main text, phonetic syllabary (J. kana) and grammatical marks (J. okototen) were added in red ink. Twenty-three of the twenty-seven scrolls were written on the back of paper previously used for about 190 other documents, including parts of the draft of an official proclamation by the Council of State, family registers of Sanuki Province, fragments of the Ceremonies of the Kōnin Era (J. Kōninshiki), which preceded Engishiki, and numerous letters. As a result, this Kujō Family Version is also an extremely valuable source of historical materials.
La série des manuscrits nommée Engi-shiki, en 50 volumes, représente un corps de règlements d'application détaillés, établis au milieu de l'époque de Heian (794-1185), pour la mise en vigueur du code pénal (ritsu) et du droit administratif (ryô). Il est attribué à Fujiwara no Tokihira (871-909) et à son frère Tadahira (880-949), de la branche Kujô de la famille des Fujiwara. La version conservée au Musée National de Tokyo comprend 27 rouleaux sur les 50 volumes constituant le Engi-shiki et constitue la version la plus importante parvenue jusqu'à nous. 26 des 27 rouleaux furent recopiés durant la 2e moitié de l'époque de Heian; ce sont donc les plus anciens manuscrits du Engi-shiki. Autrefois conservée par la branche Kujô qui occupa les charges de régent et ministre conseiller de l'empereur (sekkan), cette version est aussi appelée Version de la famille Kujô (Kujô.ke-bon).
On observe divers styles de calligraphie dans les manuscrits, copiés par des proches de la famille Kujô, pratiquement à la même période. Les textes en caractères chinois sont parsemés de signes servant à noter certains rapports syntaxiques (okototen) à l'encre vermillon, et de signes syllabiques japonais (kana), à l'encre de Chine, pour indiquer la lecture. Dans 23 volumes, figurent au verso des feuilles environ 190 écrits, documents historiques inestimables dont des projets de décrets émanant du gouvernement suprême (daijôkanpu), des fragments du registre d'état civil de la province de Sanuki (actuelle préfecture de Kagawa), des fragments du Code des règlements d'application nommé Kônin-shiki et antérieur à l'Engi-shiki ou encore de nombreuses lettres.